What was the primary goal of the Zheng He expeditions in the 15th century?

The primary goal of the Zheng He expeditions in the 15th century was indeed to establish Chinese trade dominance and create diplomatic relations. Under the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He led a series of maritime voyages that reached as far as Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the East African coast. These expeditions were not merely explorative; they were a means for China to project its power and influence across the region.

Through these voyages, Zheng He aimed to establish tributary relationships, wherein other states would recognize the supremacy of the Ming emperor in exchange for trade opportunities and protection. Additionally, the voyages facilitated the exchange of goods, culture, and technologies, thus enhancing China’s trade networks. The fleets returned to China with treasures and knowledge that enriched Chinese society and economy. Therefore, establishing trade dominance and diplomatic ties was central to Zheng He's mission, making this option the most accurate representation of the expeditions' goals.