Which civilizations are referred to as Mesoamerican empires?

Mesoamerican empires are primarily identified as those that developed in the region of central and southern Mexico and parts of Central America before the arrival of Europeans. The Mayans and the Aztecs are recognized as two major civilizations in this area, distinguished by their complex societies, advanced knowledge in various fields such as astronomy and mathematics, and impressive architectural achievements.

The Mayans thrived notably in the Yucatán Peninsula and along the Pacific coast, showcasing a rich cultural heritage consisting of city-states with their own governance, a hieroglyphic writing system, and significant contributions to art and architecture. The Aztecs, on the other hand, emerged later and established a vast empire centered around their capital, Tenochtitlan, in what is now Mexico City, known for their extensive trade networks and military prowess.

Both of these civilizations played a crucial role in the history of Mesoamerica, influencing the region culturally, politically, and economically. Their shared geographical context, along with their considerable impact on subsequent Latin American history, firmly categorizes them as Mesoamerican empires.