Which empire experienced a significant decline after the fall of Constantinople?

The Byzantine Empire experienced a significant decline after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. This event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, which had been a continuation of the Roman Empire in the East. The fall, led by the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmed II, resulted in the loss of its capital and effectively signaled the end of an era that had lasted for over a thousand years. The loss of Constantinople had profound repercussions for the Byzantine Empire, leading to the dissolution of its political structures and loss of territory. Moreover, the fall allowed for the rise of the Ottoman Empire, which capitalized on this power shift, further diminishing any remnants of Byzantine influence and control in the region.

The other empires mentioned had different trajectories after the fall of Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire itself expanded significantly as a result of capturing Constantinople, while the Roman Empire had already fallen centuries earlier in the 5th century. The Umayyad Caliphate had also experienced its own decline well before this period, having fallen in the 8th century to the Abbasids, thus they were not directly impacted by the events surrounding Constantinople.