Which group did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage significantly impact in terms of trade routes and economic relationships?

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 had a profound impact on Arab traders, primarily because it highlighted the wealth and resources of the Mali Empire, thus enhancing trade relationships between West Africa and the Arab world. During his journey, Mansa Musa distributed gold lavishly, which not only demonstrated his enormous wealth but also brought attention to the prosperous trade routes of the region.

As a result, Arab traders became increasingly interested in establishing and strengthening economic ties with West African states. The pilgrimage led to an increase in trade activities, particularly in gold, salt, and other goods. It also facilitated cultural and religious exchanges between the Islamic world and West Africa, further solidifying the connections among them. This growing interaction paved the way for the Mali Empire's integration into the larger Islamic trade network, with Arab traders acting as key intermediaries in the commerce that flowed through the Sahara Desert.

The other groups mentioned did not experience a comparable level of significance from Mansa Musa's pilgrimage in terms of direct economic impact or relationship building. European nations, the Byzantine Empire, and Chinese dynasties were either not directly involved in the trade routes that connected to West Africa or had already established different routes and networks that were not significantly altered by Mansa Musa's actions