Who was the last ruler of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest?

Atahualpa was the last ruler of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest, leading the empire during a critical period of turmoil and conflict. He ascended to power following a civil war against his half-brother Huáscar, which had significantly weakened the Inca state. Atahualpa's reign came to a sudden end in 1533, when he was captured by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro during a pivotal moment in history. His execution marked a significant turning point, as it effectively heralded the collapse of the Inca Empire and the subsequent Spanish colonization of its territories.

The other rulers listed played important roles in the history of the Inca civilization but ruled at different times. Manco Capac was considered the legendary first ruler and founder of the Inca Empire, who ruled long before the Spanish arrived. Topa Inca Yupanqui was one of the notable emperors who expanded the empire significantly but reigned in the 15th century, predating the Spanish conquest. Huáscar, Atahualpa's brother and rival, ruled at the time of Atahualpa's rise but was ultimately defeated by him. Together, these rulers illustrate the rich and complex history of the Inca Empire